Platos The Republic - 1054 Words

In Plato’s The Republic, the theory of appointing a ruling class is a major aspect in his political theory of a just state. As communicated through Socrates, Plato believed in the appointment of only a few citizens of the just city that possess a soul that craves all truth, knowledge, wisdom, and through proper education are competent enough to rule the just state and to decide on legislative policies. In my paper, I will be arguing against Plato’s political theory of who is best fit to be chosen as leaders to rule the just state. I will argue that Plato places too much confidence in the morals of citizens and that the soul is naturally rational and those who are chosen to lead will not necessarily uphold justice and make the right decisions. Placing the powers of democracy in the hands of the masses is more secure rather than designating power to only a selected few because the masses know what they want and know more for what is best for themselves. Although Plato was correct in requiring that leaders must be knowledgeable, but the best way to approach this problem is to not exclude people but that all people should be given the right to decide what is the greater good for their own societies. Citizens should have the right to appoint their own rulers based on their own knowledge. I will also argue that Plato’s political theory of the just state is ideal and not practical because it has not yet existed. In The Republic, Plato portrays his distaste for democracy, whereShow MoreRelatedPlatos Republic1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn Platos Republic, Socrates goes to great lengths to explain and differentiate between the ideas of opinion and knowledge. Throughout society, most common men are lovers of sights and sounds. Lovers of sights and sounds like beautiful sounds, colors, shapes, and everything fashioned out of them, but their thought is unable to see and embrace the nature of the beautiful itself (Republic 476b). The few who do recogni ze the beautiful itself are followers of the sight of truth, the philosophersRead MoreEssay on Plato’s The Republic1168 Words   |  5 PagesPlato’s The Republic In the simile of the cave We are asked to picture a group of people sitting inside a dark cave, their hands and feet are bound in such a way that they can only look at the back wall of the cave. Behind the chained prisoners a fire is burning, and between them and this fire a path runs along which men carry figures, the shadows of these figures are projected onto the back wall of the cave. The prisonersRead MoreEssay on Platos Republic981 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Republic Plato, one of the most ingenious and powerful thinkers in Western philosophy, born around 425 B.C. Plato investigated a wide range of topics. Dominant among his ideas is an immense discourse called The Republic. The main focus of Plato is a perfect society. He outlines a utopian society, out of his disapproval for the tension of political life. Plato lived through the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), in which much of Greece was devastated. This created poverty and political confusionRead MorePlatos Republic3750 Words   |  15 PagesBook I What is justice? Why should we be just? Cephalus - Justice means living up to your legal obligations and being honest. - Socrates - Its like returning weapon to a madman.. hell kill people. Polemarchus - Justice means that you owe friends help, and you owe enemies harm. - Socrates - we are not always friends with the most virtuous, nor are our enemies always teh scum of society Thrasymachus , sophist - Justice is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger-- it does notRead MorePlatos Republic Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Republic â€Å"the having and doing of one’s own and what belongs to one would be agreed to be justice.† (The Republic 434a) In other words the above statement means that justice, according to Plato, is doing only the tasks assigned to them by nature. This is the fundamental notion for his creation of an ideal city. It is both knowing what true justice is and where one belongs in the city that the ideal can be achieved. What this means to politics in the ideal city is that onlyRead More Platos Republic Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesPlatos Republic In Plato’s Republic, Glaucon is introduced to the reader as a man who loves honor, sex, and luxury. As The Republic progresses through books and Socrates’ arguments of how and why these flaws make the soul unhappy began to piece together, Glaucon relates some of these cases to his own life, and begins to see how Socrates’ line of reasoning makes more sense than his own. Once Glaucon comes to this realization, he embarks on a path of change on his outlook of what happiness isRead MoreLessons of Platos Republic1714 Words   |  7 PagesPlato’s Republic aims to teach us that justice, in itself, is worthwhile, and that it is better to be just than unjust. It is better to be just than unjust for the just person avoids a life of misery, and the just person lives a happy life. It also goes so far as to teach the value of moderation and self-control to citizens of democracy and democracy itself. In trying to create the argument of why it is better to be just than unjust, Plato first creates an analogy of the state/city to individualsRead More Platos Republic Essay4438 Words   |  18 PagesIn reading the Republic, there is no reason to search for arguments which show that Platonic justice (inner justice or psychic harmony) entails ordinary justice. The relationship between inner justice and ordinary justice is of no importance in Platos Republic. We note that Plato tries to argue from the very first book that the true source of normativity lies in knowledge attained by philosophical reason. What is crucial, then, is the relationship between inner justice and acts which bringsRead MorePlatos The Republic and The Apology1714 Words   |  7 Pages In Plato’s The Republic and The Apology, the topic of justice is examined from multiple angles in an attempt to discover what justice is, as well as why living a just life is desirable. Plato, writing through Socrates, identifies in The Republic what he thought justice was through the creation of an ideal city and an ideal soul. Both the ideal city and the ideal soul have three components which, when all are acting harmoniously, create what Socrates considers to be justice. Before he outlines thisRead MoreJustice in Platos The Republic Essay527 Words   |  3 Pages Plato creates a seemingly invincible philosopher in The Republic. Socrates is able to refute all arguments presented before him with ease. The discussion on justice in Book I of The Republic is one such example. Socrates successfully refutes each different view of justice presented by Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. Socrates has not given us a definitive definition of justice, nor has he refuted all view s of justice, but as far as we are concerned in Book I, he is able to break down the

The Luck Of Roaring Camp - 2062 Words

Throughout history, literature has inspired it’s become a way for the voices of people to be heard. Authors have used their literary works to send messages to the readers through presenting specific themes and developing certain characters in their stories. In â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp†, â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge†, and â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, the authors develop themes such as â€Å"the strongest love can be shown by the roughest people†, â€Å"time is deceitful†, and â€Å"family is an important aspect of each and everyone’s daily lives†. The authors of these stories act as â€Å"moral purifiers† presenting their case through their creative works that, left up to the reader, may have a positive impact upon society. Many authors represent their view on societal controversies through their literature. One of these individuals is Bret Harte. Bret Harte is the author of â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† which, is a short story about a nineteenth century gold prospecting camp in California. The beginning of the story starts with the only woman in the camp giving birth, Cherokee Sal. This birth was a very big deal in Roaring Camp because there had not been a birth there for a very long time. Also, with a shortage of women, pregnancy was very uncommon. Because pregnancy was very uncommon, the knowledge of birthing a baby was also slim to none. So, during childbirth, Cherokee Sal suffered and only lived shortly after giving birth to a baby boy. Thus, she left the responsibility of raisingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Luck Of Roaring Camp 1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Human Behind Bravado Bret Harte’s 1868 story â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† illustrates how those who may act tough, still care on the inside. Harte’s story is depicting,m the lives of those who moved to mining camps in California during the Gold Rush. The gold rush started in 1848 and ended in 1855. The majority of those who moved were men of rough character, occasionally there was a woman. The bravado of these men is what made the camps seem like a harsh place to be. Some of these men â€Å"were actualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Luck Of Roaring Camp 1083 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† by Bret Harte, nature is seemingly created into its own character. Nature has the haunting role of being the giver and taker of life in this story. The forces of nature bring the men of the camp the blessing of a small child. Through this child the men are given life and see the beauty of nature around them. However, nature will ultimately strip the men of bot h of these things. Harte shows us that nature is the culprit that brings both beauty and pain. The first mentionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Luck Of Roaring Camp 1423 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican dream is different for each and every person. Literature is a great medium to see this idea in. The Luck of Roaring Camp by Bret Harte, Chicago by Carl Sandburg, and I Have a Rendezvous with Death by Alan Seeger are all example in literature of how the American dream can vary from person to person and does not have just one rigid definition. First, let’s look at The Luck of Roaring Camp. The short story starts out with the only woman in the mining community, Cherokee Sal, giving birth to aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Luck Of Roaring Camp 2088 Words   |  9 Pagesmining camps were commonly located throughout the state of California due to its vast deposits of gold along the American River (Stevens).†The Luck of Roaring Camp† is an accurate description of the Gold Rush. The camp is an assembly of man about one hundred strong, and with every man comes a different ethnic background. Bret Hatre says,† One or two of these men were actual fugitives from justice, some were criminals and all were reckless†(6). Even though these men of â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† wereRead MoreEssay about Roaring Camp703 Words   |  3 Pages The Regeneration of Roaring Camp amp;#9;amp;quot;And so the work of regeneration began is Roaring Campamp;quot;(9). The regeneration referred to takes place in a California mining camp in 1850 after the birth of Tommy Luck, son of Cherokee Sal, the camp’s prostitute, who died giving birth. Sometimes one doesn’t realize how much he needs to change until he gets a subtle push from fate. Just a little addition to the world can cause a regeneration of a lifetime. Bret Harte demonstrates thisRead MoreA Brief Biography of Francis Brett Harte600 Words   |  2 Pagestheme of California gold mining camps as setting became a staple of Hartes writing. As his local fame grew, he eventually became the editor of the Overland Monthly. As the editor of the Overland Monthly, Harte saw the most success of his literary career. His most lauded short stories were released during his time as editor of publication, including, â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp†, â€Å"Outcasts of Poker Flatts† and Plain Language from Truthful James. â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† earned Bret Harte internationalRead MoreIsolation And Its Effects On Society1377 Words   |  6 Pagesof something new, and a lot of times that meant being isolated. Bret Harte’s â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† is an example of this. In this story, a group of men were out West hoping to find their fortune during the Gold Rush. Their isolation was self-inflicted. In their attempts to shelter the towns orphaned baby, Luck, they shut everyone else out. This resulted in their demise when a flood came and destroyed the camp killing the baby in the process. If they were not so isolated, they may have been moreRead MoreThe Great Depre ssion of Canada1140 Words   |  5 Pages(PowerPoint). The cause of this was actually many factors all happening within a few months. Many companies went bankrupt from overproduction of goods and started stockpiling them. They assumed the economy will keep rising like it did during the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†; but when Europe started to mend from the destruction of the war, the demand for products went down. In addition, on October 29th, the value of the stocks became overpriced, and everyone wanted to sell while they were ahead. The sheer numberRead MoreFemale Voices of 1865-19121728 Words   |  7 Pages(p.2). Zitkala Sa, Impression of an Indian Childhood (1900), recounts being uprooted by palefaces from her tribal home and attending a missionary school to assimilate her into American society. According to Baym (2008) Bret Harte, â€Å"The Luck of Roaring Camp† (1870), states: â€Å"In late February 1860 when the editor-in-chief was out of town, Harte wrote an editorial expressing outrage over the massacre in nearby Eureka of sixty Native Americans, mostly women and children, by a small gang of whiteRead MorePresentational Devices in Shrek Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesswamp when he comes out of the toilet, and Shrek’s bright green colour. After Shrek has planted the sign in the ground it shows the villagers going to try and hunt Shrek. Shrek sees them coming and instead of running at them and roaring savagely as a traditional ogre would, he creeps up behind them and follows them. This shows that Shrek has some degree of intelligence unlike the ogres in traditional fairytales. Shrek then catches up with the villagers and interrupts

Speilberg Build Tension In The Film Jaws Essay Example For Students

Speilberg Build Tension In The Film Jaws Essay How Does Speilberg Build Tension In The Film Jaws? Consider Particularly The First Hour Of The Film Before The Three Men Embark Upon Their Quest To Kill The Shark And Also Upon The Part Played By The Audiences Response To The Character Of Brodie.  I am writing this essay to show the manner of which Speilberg creates tension in the film Jaws. I will be looking at the ways he does this and the way he uses Brodie, the main character to influence the audience and the effect he has on the tension of the film. The director, Speilberg attempts to leave his audiences apprehensive and uses suspense to grip the audience, he uses this format of tension to keep the audience watching because they want to find out what is going to happen next. This is best used with Brodie after the viewers have grown to like him and assigned him the heroes role.  The film is set in a quite, uneventful town. Nothing seems to ever happen. This is shown by the locals hassling the police department over trampled flowers and other seemingly insignificant problems. This builds tension because of the fact that it will badly affect the area and you do not know what could happen. The island is a very touristy area in summer. This is the main income for locals, which causes a conflict between the islanders over the safety of the area. The tourists also cause a lot of commotion and provide plenty of targets for the upcoming problem.  Amity Island is a small island, calm sea surrounding it with stretches of beautiful golden beaches, it is the complete opposite from Brodies hometown of New York. The action hero of the film is portrayed as the police chief, officer Brodie. He is a newcomer from New York and therefore is used to blazing guns rather than quite sunny stretches of beaches. From the start of the film he seems misplaced on the island due to his fear of the Sea and water in general. This creates tension because you are always thinking about how he will overcome a sea dwelling terror if he will not set foot in the sea. This leaves you pondering over the question can Brodie overcome his fear or will he be beaten? As if the title didnt give it away and you have not twigged on, here comes the bad guy. A 25ft king of the sea, the Great White Shark. Larger than most boats in the Amity harbour it seems that this monstrosity is unbeatable! In rolls another two heroes. One fitting the role perfectly, a big built hard man with a beard, sideburns, jeans, a jacket and a knife in his back pocket. This is Quince. The second of the two is an unusual character to be fighting to save a town of innocent people is in the weedy form of the scientist Hooper. The first time the shark is brought to our attention is when two teenagers who have been drinking heavily are doing naughty stuff on the beach when they decide to take a dip in the water. They both proceed towards the sea with the male quite obviously worse for wear! The girl takes her clothes off and dives into the sea, the boy attempts to follow but only makes it to the water edge where he proceeds to vomit and pass out! The audience is alerted that something is about to go wrong with a young couple on the beach. The male is lying almost unconscious dangerously close to the incoming shoreline. The female is in the sea, drunk and a fair distance from the beach with the only person to look after her being the half-dead male on the floor. .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .postImageUrl , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:hover , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:visited , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:active { border:0!important; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:active , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Comedy of Stephen Crow EssayThe music changes to the sound of the Jaws theme tune which speeds up until the victim is eventually attacked from underneath by the shark. She is then thrown around for a while until she gets dragged under. The music stops and the picture fades to black, the next view is of the same stretch of the beach but the morning after. There is silence except for the lapping waves and the eerie noise of the sea bells. Every good movie has the bad guys! Speilberg follows suit and portrays his human villain in the form of Amitys mayor. He is a selfish, pompous and ignorant overweight man who disagrees with every point Brodie brings to him.  The mayor helps to build the tension as he has the power to save the day but chooses to take risks to pursue business ventures. He is informed quickly by Brodie of the sharks presence but decides to overlook it as a one-off and to Brodies disgust keeps the beach open. This also creates on-screen tension between the two characters which therefore creates tension within the audience. Brodie and the mayors personal feud continues throughout the film and keeps high tension throughout. After Brodie has finally convinced the mayor to shut the beach. This loses lots of business and the townspeople are less than happy. To keep them on his side he makes it a 24-hour ban. This starts to create probably the most tension in the entire film. The ban leaves Brodie needing to catch the massive shark and only having 24 hours in which to do it. If he fails or runs out of time this could cause many peoples deaths. During the meeting where the ban is confirmed a grieving mother whose son was ripped up on his lilo by the shark offers a reward to the public. Anyone who can prove they killed the shark would receive 3,000.  This causes absolute hysteria amongst the public. People from far and wide come to try and slay the beast from the deep! This is also a very tense part of the story. The harbour is dangerously overcrowded, which plays a serious part in the tension. With all the people going out to sea in packed rowing bouts with rods and harpoons, as the audience has already seen the size of the shark we are aware that they are seriously risking their lives. A group of men catch a large shark, there is even more hysteria in the harbour as the press flock around. It seems that the problem is over, the beach is safe! Everyone lives happily ever after! Not quite! The point of arrival for Hooper and he steps up to examine the shark. It turns out that the commotion was not needed as the killer was still out there, the shark caught was in fact a large Tiger shark not at all big enough to be the one that had savaged the young woman.

The Defence of Provocation free essay sample

The Defence of Provocation Provocation is a defence which reduces the offence of murder to manslaughter. Even though there may be an intent to kill it can be deemed that, in some circumstances, it is not appropriate to be classified as murder. It is not saying the killing is justified or excused. What it is saying is that the circumstances, the response (which resulted in the killing) is within the normal range of behaviour of what can be expected of the ordinary person and that it represents an acknowledgement of human frailty. This is the traditional view of the law. 1] When the penalty for murder was death, often provocation was a way of reducing the punishment from the death penalty to life imprisonment. In jurisdictions where there was a mandatory life sentence, there was also an argument for this defence to be in existence. [2] In this paper, the issues of the relevant stakeholders, previous provocation cases, and the law will be discussed in regards to any amendments or recomm endations that need to be made in changing the current law in regards to the defence of provocation and how it will affect the Queensland society and its stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on The Defence of Provocation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the main issues with the defence of provocation include the timing between the act relied on as being provocative and the assault or killing is very important. The longer the time between the provocative act and the assault or killing the more difficult it is going to be to use the defence. [3] This time limit for the provocation defence has caused difficulties in the case of ‘battered spouse syndrome’. These are cases where one party to a relationship, usually the woman, puts up with serve physical, emotional abuse from her partner. Eventually she ‘snaps’ and acts violently towards her partner. Women in this situation, who have tried to use this defence, have often been unsuccessful in proving provocation. This applies only where the assault is proportional to the provocative act. So, killing a person because they are having a sexual relationship with their ex-wife/husband/lover has not usually been enough for the killer to rely on the provocation defence. However, sometimes the male of the relationship has been charged with the murder of their wives have successfully used the defence of provocation. This has been used the most particularly where the oman has left the marriage or relationship to start another sexual relationship with another man. The stakeholders involving the issues of provocation include the victim, the defendant, legal personnel – judges, barristers, solicitors, crown prosecutors, medical staff, police officers and commissioners, jury, forensic pathologists and the coroners -, surrounding members of the community and martial partners. The law affe cts the victim’s family because of their ability to seek justice against the defendant. The defendant’s family is affected as their family may have lost the main income earner of that family, causing them to suffer. Medical staff, police officers, forensic pathologists and coroners are affected by the law. According to the Criminal Code Act 1899 (Qld), section 269(1) states that a person is not criminally responsible for an assault committed upon a person who gives the person provocation for the assault, if the person is in fact deprived by the provocation of the power of self-control, and acts upon it on the sudden and before there is time for the person’s passion to cool, and if the force used us not disproportionate to the provocation and is not intended, and is not such as likely, to cause death or grievous bodily harm. Whereas section 304(1) states that when a person who unlawfully kills another under circumstances which, but for the provisions of this section, would constitute murder, does the act which causes death in the heat of passion caused by sudden provocation, and before there is time for the person’s passion to cool, the person is guilty of manslaughter only. The current law has been applied to the following cases through numerous through the Parliamentary Act, Criminal Code (Qld) 1899, through sections 269 and 304. The Penalties and Sentencing Act (Qld) 1992, has also been applied in regards to the final sentencing punishment of the defendants of the following cases. The Supreme Court case, R v Murray[4], states that the appellant pleaded not guilty to one charge of murder – where the appellant was found guilty of manslaughter – where, although the appellant intended to kill the deceased, e was only criminally responsible for manslaughter because of provocation under section 304[5] where the appellant was sentenced to nine years imprisonment under section 161B[6] where there was a declaration that the applicant had been convicted of a serious violence offence. Where the case R v McDougall and Collas[7] was applied as a precedent to the final decision of the case. The Supreme Court case, R v Vollmer[8], states that the appellant was convicted of murdering his de facto partner – where evidence as to the deceased’s past violent history in a previous relationship was available at the time of trial but not relied on by defence counsel – where there was no evidence led at trial or on appeal of a history of violence between the appellant and the deceased – where the appellant sought to rely on the defences of self-defence and provocation at trial under sections 271(2), 304 and 668E(1)[9]. Where the cases R v Hajistassi[10], R v Mogg[11] and Re Knowles[12] were applied as precedent to the final decision of the case. The Supreme Court case, R v Harold[13], states that the appellant was convicted by jury of manslaughter of his de facto partner where applicant was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment – where sentence took into account, among other things, nine summary offences and two charges of assault occasioning bodily harm to which the applicant pleaded guilty – where on sentencing the prosecution submitted that a sentence of 12 years imprisonment should be imposed on the manslaughter conviction and a further two years imprisonment should be imposed for subsequent offences which the applicant pleaded guilty to at the hearing – where the applicant was not remorseful and did not plead guilty on the manslaughter charge – where the applicant had considerable history of violence toward the deceased – whether the sentence is manifestly excessive. Where the cases R v Bell[14] and R v Mooka[15] were applied as precedent to the final decision of the cases. The interests of the stakeholder’s conflict through the trial of the appellant, the attack on the deceased, the relationships of the appellant and the deceased as well as the legal personnel involved with the case. The issues of this case affect the stakeholders as the legal personnel may need to go through counselling, depending on how gruesome the murder has been. The appellant’s and deceased’s family may have lost the main source of income and therefore may struggle to pay the monthly bills or provide for their family. The jury may fear for their lives as they may believe that the appellant may target them because of the verdict that they come to in the court. Some stakeholders in society see the general refusal of the law to recognise â€Å"battered spouse syndrome† (as mentioned earlier) as an example of sexist attitudes and an example of the law’s insensitivity to women’s issues. This legal principal is a good example of the law rejecting the society of which it operates and the need for legal principals to change as society changes. 16] A female judge quotes, â€Å"Laws do not spring out of a social vacuum. The notion that a man has the right to ‘discipline’ his wife is deeply rooted in the history of our society. The woman’s duty was to serve her husband and to stay in the marriage at all costs ‘till death do us part’ and to accept as her due any ‘punishment’ that was meted out for failing to please her husband. One consequence of this attitude was that ‘wife battering’ was rarely spoken of, rarely reported, rarely prosecuted, and even more rarely punished. Long after society abounded its formal approval of spouse abuse, tolerance of it continued and continues in some circles to this day.

An Introduction to Irregular Verbs in English

An Introduction to Irregular Verbs in English Although fewer than 200 verbs are classified as irregular, these include some of the most common words in English. Here, after briefly reviewing regular verbs, well look at the principal parts of irregular verbs. Review of Regular Verbs Regular verbs have three basic forms: the present (or base form), the past (ending in -ed), and the past participle (also ending in -ed). These three forms are referred to as the principal parts of a verb. Heres how we might list the principal parts of the regular verb laugh: I always laugh at her jokes. (present)She laughed nervously during her speech. (past)We have often laughed together. (past participle) The past participle form works with different auxiliary verbs (has or have; had) to form different tenses. (See Forming the Past Tense of Regular Verbs.) What Are Irregular Verbs? Irregular verbs are those verbs that do not end in -ed in the past tense. Though their endings differ from those of regular verbs, irregular verbs rely on the same auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs) to indicate past, present, and future time. Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs have three principal parts: I tell a joke. (present)I told a joke. (past)I have told a joke. (past participle) Some irregular verbs, such as tell, have the same form in the past and the past participle. Others, however, have different forms: I wear a cap. (present)I wore a cap. (past)I have worn a cap. (past participle) With irregular verbs such as wear, we need to learn the different forms for the past and the past participle. Auxiliaries with Irregular Verbs Just like regular verbs, irregular verbs are used with various auxiliaries to form different tenses. For instance, we use has or have with the past participle of an irregular verb to form the present-perfect tense: Tom has worn out his welcome. Similarly, we use had with the past participle of an irregular verb to form the past perfect tense: I had never worn a seat belt before you told me why I should. And we use will with the present form of an irregular verb to form the future tense: I will wear a seat belt from now on. In short, irregular verbs work the same way as regular verbs; they just have different endings. Tables of Irregular Verbs The tables linked below contain the most common irregular verbs in English. Although you are probably familiar with many of them already, study the verbs in all three lists and look for patterns that will help you remember the forms of all these verbs. Irregular Verbs: Arise to GrowIrregular Verbs: Hang to SinkIrregular Verbs: Sit to Write

Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Jay

The greatness of an individual can be defined in terms far beyond tangible accomplishments. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic American novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby’s greatness comes from his need to experience success and his will to achieve his dreams. Nick Carraway narrates the story, and his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, is Gatsby’s love. Daisy, however, is married to Tom Buchanan, a wealthy, arrogant womanizer who despises Gatsby. Gatsby feels the need to be successful and wealthy, and his participation in a bootlegging operation allows him to acquire the wealth and social status needed to attract Daisy. In his narration, Nick focuses on Gatsby’s fixation of Daisy and how he longs for her presence in his life. Gatsby’s greatness comes from his power to dream, his competence in turning dreams into reality, and his absolute love for Daisy. In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby uses his dreams as motivation for his existence. Fitzgerald uses wealth and social status to define Gatsby’s character, which is exemplified by his lavish parties and the dignitaries who attend them. In his formative years, Gatsby was employed by a wealthy yachtsman, Dan Cody. It is from Cody that Gatsby develops his appreciation for wealth. â€Å"To young Gatz, resting on his oars, looking up at the railed deck, that yacht represented all the beauty and glamour in the world† (Fitzgerald 106). Fitzgerald uses this quote to mark the point at which Gatsby encounters wealth and power for the first time, and also, he uses it to symbolize Gatsby’s social standing and economic status. By comparing Gatsby’s rowboat with the luxurious yacht of Cody’s, Fitzgerald presents the idea that money and power translate into bigger and better things. The event is symbolic in that it illustrates Gatsby’s perception that wealth is a necessity. By saying that he was â€Å"looking up† to â€Å"all the beauty and glamour in the world,† Fitzgerald make... Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Jay Free Essays on The Great Gatsby Jay The greatness of an individual can be defined in terms far beyond tangible accomplishments. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic American novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby’s greatness comes from his need to experience success and his will to achieve his dreams. Nick Carraway narrates the story, and his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, is Gatsby’s love. Daisy, however, is married to Tom Buchanan, a wealthy, arrogant womanizer who despises Gatsby. Gatsby feels the need to be successful and wealthy, and his participation in a bootlegging operation allows him to acquire the wealth and social status needed to attract Daisy. In his narration, Nick focuses on Gatsby’s fixation of Daisy and how he longs for her presence in his life. Gatsby’s greatness comes from his power to dream, his competence in turning dreams into reality, and his absolute love for Daisy. In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby uses his dreams as motivation for his existence. Fitzgerald uses wealth and social status to define Gatsby’s character, which is exemplified by his lavish parties and the dignitaries who attend them. In his formative years, Gatsby was employed by a wealthy yachtsman, Dan Cody. It is from Cody that Gatsby develops his appreciation for wealth. â€Å"To young Gatz, resting on his oars, looking up at the railed deck, that yacht represented all the beauty and glamour in the world† (Fitzgerald 106). Fitzgerald uses this quote to mark the point at which Gatsby encounters wealth and power for the first time, and also, he uses it to symbolize Gatsby’s social standing and economic status. By comparing Gatsby’s rowboat with the luxurious yacht of Cody’s, Fitzgerald presents the idea that money and power translate into bigger and better things. The event is symbolic in that it illustrates Gatsby’s perception that wealth is a necessity. By saying that he was â€Å"looking up† to â€Å"all the beauty and glamour in the world,† Fitzgerald make...

The vulnerabilities of industrial control systems and possible Essay

The vulnerabilities of industrial control systems and possible solutions - Essay Example Industrial control systems (ICS) are imperative to the quality of life that most of society shares and depends on every day. These systems regulate the electricity, food supply, medical and chemical manufacturing, as well as many other processes and utilities that are used daily.After September 11, 2001, the threat of terrorist attacks became a high priority on the home front (Marsh 2006). Most people worried about airplanes, metro or subway systems, or bombs, but a few realized that with the computerization of control systems in a variety of industries becoming normal operating procedures, the risk of attack was just as possible as any other probable target. In fact, some of the systems, such as nuclear plants or chemical manufacturing companies, were more apt to be targeted than others. This concern led to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to lead a 500 member forum to discuss cyber-security of the ICS regulating our lives and our country.At the conclusion o f this 2004 forum, NIST produced the System Protection Profile-Industrial Control Systems (SPP-ICS) to use as guidelines and strategies to find the vulnerabilities in each facility and possible solutions. Some of the main concerns include terrorists and unfriendly governments, human error, disgruntled employees, bored teenagers, and natural disasters to name a few. However, most facilities looked only on the outside, without considering errors on the inside that could do as much damage as those external forces. (Barr, 2004; D'Amico, 2004; Marsh, 2006; NIST, 2004; NIST's process control, 2004; Wagman, 2008). NISTS findings were based on the System Target of Evaluation and all risks and vulnerabilities are determined by this standard. The corporate leaders should look at and consider the vulnerabilities and their solutions to help identify the areas that are in need of immediate attention in their own facilities and to make the cyber-connection of the location secure. Unfortunately some do not believe there is a real threat. For example, Tom Donahue from the CIA stated that "attacks on critical infrastructure lack the necessary dramatic display that seems to be preferred by this constituency" (Marsh, 2006, p. 12). This concept may have been true five years ago, but as the world becomes more connected the disruption of electricity, water, or gas would be a fairly dramatic event for those experiencing it, and for those watching it. Previously most facilities were separated by using their privately owned machines, hardware and methods of communication. However, with the onset of more facilities and corporations using "commercial, off-the-shelf" products the vulnerability increases (D'Amico, 2004). The SPP-ICS provides three main areas to watch; the type of agent, method of attack, and the asset that will be affected by the attack. The agent is the insider or outsider that either maliciously or accidently causes an attack on the ICS. The vulnerabilities of attack can include, but are not limited to, protocols, unnecessary systems attached to the ICS, outside remote access to the ICS, incorrect IT architecture, lack of security controls, and lack of risk assessment upon or prior to installation of the system. The assets consist of all the systems used to control the system software and hardware and the infrastructure of the company (Barr, 2004; NIST, 2004) When working to correct or strengthen the security of these systems, the company should look at physical items, the connectivity and if it is secure, authentication, backup and remote access as well as many other attributes of security. Understanding the